Gum disease begins with gingivitis, a mild form of the condition. This process begins with the accumulation of plaque, which is a sticky film of bacteria that builds up on your teeth. If plaque is not removed, it can harden and turn into tartar within only 24 hours. Tartar can only be removed with a professional cleaning from your dentist. As plaque and tartar accumulate, this causes your gums to become red, swollen, and tender as they pull away from your teeth. In this stage of the condition, you may notice gum bleeding and slight recession.
Periodontitis is the next stage of gum disease. The symptoms are often more severe than in gingivitis because the bacteria causing gum disease have finally breached the periodontal ligament and destroyed the bone surrounding the teeth. The first sign of periodontitis is deep pockets forming around your teeth. These pockets can harbor even more germs than gingivitis and allow a space for bacteria to thrive out of reach from your toothbrush. Symptoms may include bleeding gums, tooth mobility, and bad breath.
Advanced periodontitis is the final stage of gum disease where the tooth roots and supporting structures continue to be eroded and destroyed. This can eventually lead to tooth loss, as well as other serious health problems. It is therefore important for people with advanced periodontitis to seek treatment as soon as possible, in order to halt the spread of the disease and avoid further damage.